The evidence, graded
Every claimcarries its weight.
Every claim we make sits next to the strength of the evidence behind it. Where the human data is thin, we say it is thin. Where there is none, we say that too.
4
Evidence tiers, from strong to not established
2
Products, each graded claim by claim
Claim by claim
The evidence is graded where you read it
01How we grade
Four tiers, used the same way everywhere.
The chip beside a claim tells you how much weight it can carry. It is the same scale on this page, on every product page and in the journal.
Replicated in more than one randomized controlled trial in humans. We state these plainly.
Supported by human data that is smaller, shorter or mixed. We say so every time we mention it.
A single human trial, or data at a different dose. Worth watching. Not something to lean on.
No meaningful human evidence yet. We list these so you know we have not quietly implied them.
02NMN
What NMN research shows.
NAD+ is involved in cellular processes including turning food into usable energy. NMN sits one enzymatic step before NAD+, which is why researchers study it as a way to raise NAD+ by mouth.
- 01Strong
Oral NMN raises blood NAD+ levels in adults.
Several randomized controlled trials at 250 to 900 mg a day [1][2][3].
- 02Emerging
NAD+ declines with age.
Well documented in several tissues, still being mapped in others [4].
- 03Emerging
Effects on energy, sleep and physical performance.
Smaller, shorter trials with mixed results [2][3].
- 04Not established
Long-term healthspan or lifespan in humans.
No human data yet. We don't claim it.
Sources
- [1]Yoshino M, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science. 2021.
- [2]Yi L, et al. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults. GeroScience. 2023.
- [3]Igarashi M, et al. Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood NAD+ levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men. npj Aging. 2022.
03Glycine + NAC
What Glycine + NAC research shows.
Your cells combine glutamate, cysteine and glycine to make glutathione. When cysteine or glycine is in short supply, production slows. Supplying both gives your cells more of the raw material. Whether that meaningfully raises glutathione at this dose is exactly what the evidence below is still working out.
- 01Early
Glycine and NAC raised glutathione in older adults.
One 16-week randomized trial in 24 older adults [1].
- 02Early
The same effect at lower doses.
Results at lower doses have not been consistent across studies [2].
- 03Not established
Broader effects on aging.
We don't claim them.
Sources
- [1]Kumar P, et al. Supplementing glycine and N-acetylcysteine in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023.
04What we leave out
The claims you won't read here.
If a benefit has not been shown in people, it does not appear on our labels, pages or emails.
Lifespan
No human study has measured it. We don't claim it.
Disease
Supplements are not medicines. We don't imply otherwise.
Quick results
Published trials ran for weeks. We point you to week twelve, not day two.
Hidden blends
Every ingredient is disclosed with its own dose.
Evidence first.Then the jar.
Read the grade, read the certificate, then decide for yourself.